Figure 1: Some output produced by code presemted in Table 1
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| 1. Introduction | |
| 2. Combining menues and text fields | |
| 3. Combining menues and text fields (Swing example) | |
| 4. Combining menues and text areas | |
| 5. Combining menues and text areass (Swing example) |
In this WWW page I intend to inlude further examples of GUIs involving menues as and when the need arrises.
The code presented in Table 1 causes text to appear in the text field each time a menu item is selected. Some example output is given in Figure 1.
// Menu Example 2
// Frans Coenen
// Thursday 13 March 2003
// Dept. of Comp. Sci., University of Liverpool
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class MenuExample2 extends Frame implements WindowListener, ActionListener {
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
/* */
/* FIELDS */
/* */
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
private MenuBar bar = new MenuBar();
private Menu lang = new Menu("LANGUAGES");
private Menu para = new Menu("PARADIGM");
private TextField aTextField = new TextField(57);
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
/* */
/* CONSTRUCTORS */
/* */
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
public MenuExample2(String text) {
super(text);
setBackground(Color.magenta);
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
addWindowListener(this);
// Create lang menu
lang.add("Ada");
lang.add("C++");
lang.add("Java");
lang.add("Pascal");
lang.add("Prolog");
lang.add("Miranda");
// Create paradigm menu
para.add("Imperative");
para.add("Object oriented");
para.add("Logic");
para.add("Functional");
// Add items to bar
bar.add(lang);
bar.add(para);
this.setMenuBar(bar);
// Non-editable text field
aTextField.setEditable(false);
add(aTextField);
// Add event listeners
lang.addActionListener(this);
para.addActionListener(this);
}
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
/* */
/* METHODS */
/* */
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
/* ACTION PERFORMED */
/* Process textfield events */
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
// User selected from pradigm menu
if (event.getSource() == lang) {
String nameOfItem = event.getActionCommand();
outputParadigmForGivenLanguage(nameOfItem);
System.out.println(nameOfItem);
}
// User selected from language menu
else if (event.getSource() == para) {
String nameOfItem = event.getActionCommand();
outputLanguageForGivenParadigm(nameOfItem);
System.out.println(nameOfItem);
}
}
/* OUTPUT PARADIGM FOR GIVEN LANGUAGE */
public void outputParadigmForGivenLanguage(String nameOfItem) {
if (nameOfItem.equals("Ada")) aTextField.setText(nameOfItem +
" is an Imperative programming langauge");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("C++")) aTextField.setText(nameOfItem +
" is an Object Oriented programming langauge");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Java")) aTextField.setText(nameOfItem +
" is an Object Oriented programming langauge");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Pascal")) aTextField.setText(nameOfItem +
" is an Imperative programming langauge");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Prolog")) aTextField.setText(nameOfItem +
" is an Logic programming langauge");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Miranda")) aTextField.setText(nameOfItem +
" is an Functional programming langauge");
else aTextField.setText("UNEXPECTED ERROR!");
}
/* OUTPUT LANGUAGE FOR GIVEN PARADIGM */
public void outputLanguageForGivenParadigm(String nameOfItem) {
if (nameOfItem.equals("Imperative"))
aTextField.setText("Examples of " + nameOfItem +
" programming languages include Ada and pascal");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Object oriented"))
aTextField.setText("Examples of " + nameOfItem +
"programming languages include C++ and Java");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Logic"))
aTextField.setText("Examples of " + nameOfItem +
"programming languages include Prolog");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Functional"))
aTextField.setText("Examples of " + nameOfItem +
"programming languages include Miranda");
else aTextField.setText("UNEXPECTED ERROR!");
}
/* WINDOW EVENT HANDLERS */
/* Window Closing */
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent event) {
System.exit(0);
}
/* Window Closed */
public void windowClosed(WindowEvent event) {}
/* Window Deiconified */
public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent event) {}
/* Window Iconified */
public void windowIconified(WindowEvent event) {}
/* Window Activated */
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent event) {}
/* Window Deactivated */
public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent event) {}
/* Window Opened */
public void windowOpened(WindowEvent event) {}
}
/* -------------------------------------------------- */
/* */
/* APPLICATION CLASS */
/* */
/* -------------------------------------------------- */
class MenuExample2App {
/* Main method */
public static void main(String[] args) {
MenuExample2 screen = new MenuExample2("Menu example1 2");
screen.setSize(500,100);
screen.setVisible(true);
}
}
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Table 1:Linking menu selections and text fields
Figure 1: Some output produced by code presemted in Table 1
The Java code presented in Table 2 has the same functionality to that presented in table 1 but is encoded using Java Swing. It will be noted that the code is organised in a significantly different manner to that presented in Table 1. Some sample output is presented in Figure 2.
// Menu Example 3
// Frans Coenen
// Thursday 13 March 2003
// Dept. of Comp. Sci., University of Liverpool
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class MenuExample3 extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
/* */
/* FIELDS */
/* */
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
private JMenuBar bar = new JMenuBar();
private JMenu lang = new JMenu("LANGUAGES");
private JMenu para = new JMenu("PARADIGM");
JMenuItem adaItem, cppItem, javItem, pasItem, proItem, mirItem;
JMenuItem impItem, objItem, logItem, funItem;
private JTextField aTextField = new JTextField(42);
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
/* */
/* CONSTRUCTORS */
/* */
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
public MenuExample3(String text) {
super(text);
Container container = getContentPane();
container.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
container.setBackground(Color.magenta);
// Create lang menu
createLangMenuItem(lang,adaItem,"Ada",'A');
createLangMenuItem(lang,cppItem,"C++",'C');
createLangMenuItem(lang,javItem,"Java",'J');
createLangMenuItem(lang,mirItem,"Miranda",'M');
createLangMenuItem(lang,pasItem,"Pascal",'P');
createLangMenuItem(lang,proItem,"Prolog",'r');
// Create paradigm menu
createLangMenuItem(para,impItem,"Imperative",'I');
createLangMenuItem(para,impItem,"Object oriented",'O');
createLangMenuItem(para,impItem,"Logic",'L');
createLangMenuItem(para,impItem,"Functional",'F');
// Add items to bar
bar.add(lang);
bar.add(para);
setJMenuBar(bar);
// Non-editable text field
aTextField.setEditable(false);
container.add(aTextField);
}
private void createLangMenuItem(JMenu menu, JMenuItem menuItem,
String text, char c) {
menuItem = new JMenuItem(text);
menuItem.setMnemonic(c);
menu.add(menuItem);
menuItem.addActionListener(this);
}
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
/* */
/* METHODS */
/* */
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
/* ACTION PERFORMED */
/* Process textfield events */
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
String nameOfItem = event.getActionCommand();
outputInformation(nameOfItem);
System.out.println(nameOfItem);
}
/* OUTPUT PARADIGM FOR GIVEN LANGUAGE */
public void outputInformation(String nameOfItem) {
if (nameOfItem.equals("Ada")) aTextField.setText(nameOfItem +
" is an Imperative programming langauge");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("C++")) aTextField.setText(nameOfItem +
" is an Object Oriented programming langauge");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Java")) aTextField.setText(nameOfItem +
" is an Object Oriented programming langauge");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Pascal")) aTextField.setText(nameOfItem +
" is an Imperative programming langauge");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Prolog")) aTextField.setText(nameOfItem +
" is an Logic programming langauge");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Miranda")) aTextField.setText(nameOfItem +
" is an Functional programming langauge");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Imperative"))
aTextField.setText("Examples of " + nameOfItem +
" programming languages include Ada and pascal");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Object oriented"))
aTextField.setText("Examples of " + nameOfItem +
"programming languages include C++ and Java");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Logic"))
aTextField.setText("Examples of " + nameOfItem +
"programming languages include Prolog");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Functional"))
aTextField.setText("Examples of " + nameOfItem +
"programming languages include Miranda");
else aTextField.setText("UNEXPECTED ERROR!");
}
}
/* -------------------------------------------------- */
/* */
/* APPLICATION CLASS */
/* */
/* -------------------------------------------------- */
class MenuExample3App {
/* Main method */
public static void main(String[] args) {
MenuExample3 screen = new MenuExample3("Menu example1 3");
screen.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
screen.setSize(500,100);
screen.setVisible(true);
}
}
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Table 2:Linking menu selections and text fields (Swing example)
Figure 2: Some output produced by code presemted in Table 2
The code presented in Table 3 causes text to appear in the text area each time a menu item is selected. Some example output is given in Figure 1.
// Menu Example 4
// Frans Coenen
// Thursday 13 March 2003
// Dept. of Comp. Sci., University of Liverpool
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class MenuExample2 extends Frame implements WindowListener, ActionListener {
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
/* */
/* FIELDS */
/* */
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
private MenuBar bar = new MenuBar();
private Menu lang = new Menu("LANGUAGES");
private Menu para = new Menu("PARADIGM");
private TextArea aTextArea;
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
/* */
/* CONSTRUCTORS */
/* */
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
public MenuExample2(String text) {
super(text);
setBackground(Color.magenta);
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
addWindowListener(this);
// Create lang menu
lang.add("Ada");
lang.add("C++");
lang.add("Java");
lang.add("Pascal");
lang.add("Prolog");
lang.add("Miranda");
// Create paradigm menu
para.add("Imperative");
para.add("Object oriented");
para.add("Logic");
para.add("Functional");
// Add items to bar
bar.add(lang);
bar.add(para);
this.setMenuBar(bar);
// Text area
aTextArea = new TextArea("",5,45,TextArea.SCROLLBARS_BOTH);
add(aTextArea);
// Add event listeners
lang.addActionListener(this);
para.addActionListener(this);
}
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
/* */
/* METHODS */
/* */
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
/* ACTION PERFORMED */
/* Process textfield events */
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
// As in Table 1
}
/* OUTPUT PARADIGM FOR GIVEN LANGUAGE */
public void outputParadigmForGivenLanguage(String nameOfItem) {
// As in Table 1
}
/* OUTPUT LANGUAGE FOR GIVEN PARADIGM */
public void outputLanguageForGivenParadigm(String nameOfItem) {
if (nameOfItem.equals("Imperative"))
aTextArea.setText("Examples of the " + nameOfItem +
"\nprogramming languages include Ada and pascal");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Object oriented"))
aTextArea.setText("Examples of the " + nameOfItem +
"\nprogramming languages include C++ and Java");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Logic"))
aTextArea.setText("Examples of the " + nameOfItem +
"\nprogramming languages include Prolog");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Functional"))
aTextArea.setText("Examples of the " + nameOfItem +
"\nprogramming languages include Miranda");
else aTextArea.setText("UNEXPECTED ERROR!");
}
/* WINDOW EVENT HANDLERS */
// As in table 1
/* -------------------------------------------------- */
/* */
/* APPLICATION CLASS */
/* */
/* -------------------------------------------------- */
class MenuExample4App {
/* Main method */
public static void main(String[] args) {
MenuExample4 screen = new MenuExample4("Menu example1 2");
screen.setSize(500,200);
screen.setVisible(true);
}
}
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Table 3:Linking menu selections and text areas
Figure 1: Some output produced by code presemted in Table 3
The Java code presented in Table 4 has the same functionality to that presented in table 3 but is encoded using Java Swing. Some sample output is presented in Figure 2.
// Menu Example 5
// Frans Coenen
// Thursday 13 March 2003
// Dept. of Comp. Sci., University of Liverpool
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class MenuExample5 extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
/* */
/* FIELDS */
/* */
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
private JMenuBar bar = new JMenuBar();
private JMenu lang = new JMenu("LANGUAGES");
private JMenu para = new JMenu("PARADIGM");
private JMenuItem adaItem, cppItem, javItem, pasItem, proItem, mirItem;
private JMenuItem impItem, objItem, logItem, funItem;
private JTextArea aTextArea;
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
/* */
/* CONSTRUCTORS */
/* */
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
public MenuExample3(String text) {
super(text);
Container container = getContentPane();
container.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
container.setBackground(Color.magenta);
// Create lang menu
createLangMenuItem(lang,adaItem,"Ada",'A');
createLangMenuItem(lang,cppItem,"C++",'C');
createLangMenuItem(lang,javItem,"Java",'J');
createLangMenuItem(lang,mirItem,"Miranda",'M');
createLangMenuItem(lang,pasItem,"Pascal",'P');
createLangMenuItem(lang,proItem,"Prolog",'r');
// Create paradigm menu
createLangMenuItem(para,impItem,"Imperative",'I');
createLangMenuItem(para,impItem,"Object oriented",'F');
createLangMenuItem(para,impItem,"Logic",'L');
createLangMenuItem(para,impItem,"Functional",'O');
// Add items to bar
bar.add(lang);
bar.add(para);
setJMenuBar(bar);
// Text area
aTextArea = new JTextArea(5,30);
container.add(new JScrollPane(aTextArea));
}
private void createLangMenuItem(JMenu menu, JMenuItem menuItem,
// As in Table 2
}
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
/* */
/* METHODS */
/* */
/* ------------------------------------------------- */
/* ACTION PERFORMED */
/* Process textfield events */
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
// As in table 2
}
/* OUTPUT PARADIGM FOR GIVEN LANGUAGE */
public void outputInformation(String nameOfItem) {
if (nameOfItem.equals("Ada")) aTextField.setText(nameOfItem +
" is an Imperative programming langauge");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("C++")) aTextField.setText(nameOfItem +
" is an Object Oriented programming langauge");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Java")) aTextField.setText(nameOfItem +
" is an Object Oriented programming langauge");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Pascal")) aTextField.setText(nameOfItem +
" is an Imperative programming langauge");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Prolog")) aTextField.setText(nameOfItem +
" is an Logic programming langauge");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Miranda")) aTextField.setText(nameOfItem +
" is an Functional programming langauge");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Imperative"))
aTextArea.setText("Examples of " + nameOfItem +
"\nprogramming languages include Ada and pascal");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Object oriented"))
aTextArea.setText("Examples of " + nameOfItem +
"\nprogramming languages include C++ and Java");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Logic"))
aTextArea.setText("Examples of " + nameOfItem +
"\nprogramming languages include Prolog");
else if (nameOfItem.equals("Functional"))
aTextArea.setText("Examples of " + nameOfItem +
"\nprogramming languages include Miranda");
else aTextField.setText("UNEXPECTED ERROR!");
}
}
/* -------------------------------------------------- */
/* */
/* APPLICATION CLASS */
/* */
/* -------------------------------------------------- */
class MenuExample3App {
/* Main method */
public static void main(String[] args) {
MenuExample5 screen = new MenuExample5("Menu example1 3");
screen.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
screen.setSize(500,200);
screen.setVisible(true);
}
}
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Table 2:Linking button presses and text areas (Swing example)
Figure 2: Some output produced by code presemted in Table 2
Created and maintained by Frans Coenen. Last updated 13 March 2003